Wood Gasification in a Low-Pressure, Air-Blown, Bubbling Fluid-Bed Gasifier

In the mid — to late 1980s, a 258-GJ/h, fluid-bed wood gasification plant was built in Florida by Alternate Gas, Inc., for Southern Electric International (Miller, 1987; Makansi, 1987; Bulpitt and Rittenhouse, 1989). Each twin gasifier was 2.44 m in diameter and converted wood chips at the rate of 15.4 t/h into 129 GJ/h of low-energy gas. Hardwood, whole-tree chips, and sawmill residues were the feedstock. Before gasification, the feedstock was predried to 25% moisture in a triple-pass dryer equipped with burners that could burn either product gas or natural gas. About 10 to 20% of the wood charged was combusted in the refractory-lined gasifiers with 25% of the stoi­chiometric air required to provide the heat needed for gasification, which takes place at 790 to 815°C at 34.5 kPa gauge or less. The product gas was cleaned in two stages of cyclones to remove particulates and was then used as fuel for clay dryers. The gas had a heating value of 5.9 to 7.1 MJ/m3 (n). The product char after separation from the ash was sold to a charcoal briquette manufacturer. The plant was operated successfully for more than a year and then dismantled and moved to a new location in Georgia by Southern International.