Industry uses more than one-third of all energy consumed in the United States. Sizable amounts of waste are generated, but only the pulp and paper industry generates large quantities of waste biomass. The food processing industry also generates waste biomass. It is not discussed here because of the difficulty of compiling the amounts and disposition of the residues produced by a disaggregated industry composed of many small, medium, and large companies involved in diverse activities. However, the utilization of solid residues and some aqueous wastewaters as a captive energy resource by many of the food processing companies is well known.