The woody biomass supply chain varies by region and land ownership type. The primary sources of woody biomass are federal, industrial, state, and private forests managed for a variety of objectives. Ownership and management objectives affect the availability, volume, and quality of biomass harvested, as do forest age, the type of woody biomass being harvested, tree species present in the forest, and the type of harvesting system. For example, short-rotation hybrid poplar energy crops, pre-commercial thinnings in pine plantations, wood utilized from fuels-reduction treatments to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires, and logging residues from industrial silviculture all produce different yields and quality of woody biomass. Moreover, the details of the supply chain depend heavily upon the material specifications of the final, delivered product for a particular end use or conversion process. For example, some drop-in liquid biofuel conversion processes that rely on digestion are well suited for delivery of high moisture content materials, while other processes, such as densification to pellets or briquettes, may require both low ash content (e. g., <1%) and low moisture content (e. g., <12%). Thus, to some extent, the specifications of the end product dictate the nature of the supply chain, including: (1) the characteristics of the raw material, (2) the number and types of preprocessing steps required to meet feedstock specifications, (3) the cost effectiveness of alternative transportation modes, and (4) the area of the procurement region needed to supply the facility.