“Hitch a Ride”: Biomass Harvest

Most of the pine biomass used for energy in Europe and North America is first transported to pulp mills and lumber mills in the form of logs. After processing, the bark and sawdust compose a high proportion of the bioenergy produced in developed countries. In 2012, this “hitch a ride” method was the primary method of transporting wood fuel to power plants operated at pulp mills and OSB mills. The bark and wood “waste” is often burned for energy and, at some mills, the “waste” is sufficient to power the entire mill. Some mills that run on 100% wood fuel do not have to obtain any extra wood during the summer months. However, extra wood fuel (as bark or sawdust) may be required during the winter months when the “hitch a ride” system provides less energy than needed (due to colder temperatures outside). In contrast, some pines are harvested and sold to mills that produce wood pellets. Mill owners can increase the amount of this energy received by reducing specifications for top diameter and branchiness.