08.08.2015   BIOMASS - DETECTION, PRODUCTION AND USAGE

Content of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn in wheat grain after BRs treatment (field experiment)

Values of metals content in wheat grain in individual years of cultivation are given in Table 6. The changes of the metals content in spring wheat grain were observed during the field experiments. Statistically significant differences in the total content of metals between years were found in the Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe contents. In potassium content, year 2007 differed from 2005 and 2006, while no difference was found between 2005 and 2006. Likewise, zinc content in 2005 differed from years 2006 and 2007. No statistically significant difference between 2005, 2006 and 2007 was found in copper content. In 2005, no differences in the selected metals content between untreated control plants and plants treated with BRs were determined. In 2006, potassium content increased in plants treated with 24-epiBL (by 22.2%), 4151 (by 31.2%) and KR1 (by 24.5%), while zinc content decreased in variants treated with 24-epiCS (by 14.5%) and KR1 (by 12.4%) as compared to the control variant. 2007, Mg, Mn and Fe contents decreased. In comparison with untreated control plants, there was lower magnesium content (by 11%) and manganese content (at least 7.5%) in variants treated with 24-epiCS, 4154 and with KR2-KR5. Different iron content was determined in variants treated with 24-epiBL, 24-epiCS and with KR1-KR5. Weather conditions were similar in all three years. Mean air temperature was higher as compared with the long-term normal value(Table 7) in whole three-year period. Mean precipitation in 2005 and 2006 was lower as

Variety

Year

Calcium

Magnesium

Potassium

Zinc

Copper

Manganese

Iron

untreated plants

2005

190.4

1337

3073

34.2

4.87

38.1

43.2

24-epiBL

187.3

1350

3089

36.6

4.93

37.9

44.0

24-epiCS

192.8

1353

3382

35.4

4.77

38.0

44.8

4154

190.8

1334

3330

37.8

4.77

36.9

44.6

KR1

191.5

1379

3097

37.4

4.82

37.5

45.8

KR2

188.4

1338

3062

34.9

4.80

38.2

46.0

KR3

186.7

1311

3146

35.2

4.77

36.8

44.3

KR4

189.6

1335

3445

35.7

4.90

38.4

46.4*

KR5

187.1

1351

3394

34.9

5.06

37.3

44.9

untreated plants

2006

304.5

1407

2591

37.3

4.76

44.6

46.1

24-epiBL

282.0

1439

3168*

33.4

4.77

46.4

44.8

24-epiCS

291.4

1428

3106

31.8*

4.91

46.2

47.2

4154

312.9

1456

3399*

33.5

4.92

45.2

47.2

KR1

287.7

1420

3226*

32.6*

4.75

43.5

46.1

KR2

301.3

1459

3174

35.2

4.82

44.2

47.8

KR3

294.3

1450

3111

35.2

4.70

42.4

48.4

KR4

315.1

1468

3117

33.2

4.84

46.7

47.7

KR5

306.7

1421

2898

34.4

4.78

45.7

48.1

untreated plants

2007

315.3

1262

3718

34.8

4.92

35.2

57.7

24-epiBL

313.9

1178

3533

34.4

4.83

34.0

49.4*

24-epiCS

320.5

1112*

3462

34.8

5.00

32.5*

49.6*

4154

327.7

1056*

3341

32.5*

4.77

32.3*

59.0

KR1

310.8

1145

3393

33.9

4.62

34.1

48.7*

KR2

314.7

976*

3314

33.1

4.80

29.3*

52.9*

KR3

318.2

1015*

3334

34.2

4.92

30.7*

65.7*

KR4

319.5

977*

3295

33.3

4.77

30.5*

48.6*

KR5

307.4

996*

3584

33.4

5.00

30.2*

48.5*

Table 6. Content of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn (mg kg-1 DM) in spring wheat grain; *statistically significant difference (at the level of significance p < 0.05) between treated and untreated plants

compared with the long-term normal value, while close to long-term level in 2007. The results achieved in three-year period 2005-2007 indicate a possible effect of the year on metal content of grain affected probably by precipitation. In 2007, with usual precipitation level, contents of Fe, K, Mg and Mn were decreased. In 2005 and 2006 with below average precipitation, total content of metals were comparable or higher than content of metals in untreated control plants grain. Nevertheless, such hypothesis needs to be tested in further experiments.

unit

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Temperature

°C

-2.1

-0.8

3.4

8.2

13.4

16.3

18.2

17.5

14.0

8.6

3.2

-0.5

Precipitation

mm

28

27

31

46

65

74

74

72

49

41

34

34

Table 7. Long-term normal of mean air temperature and mean precipitation of cultivation area (50°2’0"N, 14°36’54"E)

Variety

Year

Bulk density (mass per hectolitre)

Falling

number

Protein

Gluten

Sedimentation index (Zeleny test)

kg hL-1

sec

%

%

mL

untreated plants

2005

79.3

153.8

13.8

34.0

61.0

24-epiBL

79.4

138.8

13.9

34.4

58.3

24-epiCS

79.4

145.3

13.9

34.4

61.0

4154

79.6

146.7

13.8

34.2

58.8

KR1

79.3

156.3

13.9

34.4

61.8

KR2

79.4

151.3

14.0

34.6

58.3

KR3

79.5

160.8

13.7

33.9

57.3

KR4

79.4

153.5

13.5

33.2

58.0

KR5

79.4

152.5

13.6

33.5

55.5

untreated plants

2006

80.1

346.5

12.9

29.9

46.5

24-epiBL

79.9

335.8

12.2

28.1

42.8

24-epiCS

79.9

344.8

12.6

28.7

43.0

4154

80.1

346.8

12.9

29.4

45.5

KR1

80.2

350.3

12.6

28.7

42.5

KR2

80.2

348.8

12.8

29.1

45.8

KR3

79.9

353.8

12.8

29.5

46.3

KR4

79.9

344.0

12.5

28.7

43.8

KR5

80.0

332.5

12.9

30.6

46.3

untreated plants

2007

80.4

274.3

15.6

44.0

68.5

24-epiBL

80.6

290.5

15.5

44.1

70.5

24-epiCS

80.7

275.8

15.5

44.1

68.8

4154

80.5

273.0

15.4

43.4

68.8

KR1

80.6

282.8

15.3

44.4

69.0

KR2

80.3

274.3

15.3

43.7

68.8

KR3

80.5

286.0

15.3

43.5

68.8

KR4

80.6

269.0

15.4

43.6

69.3

KR5

80.6

269.0

15.3

43.8

68.3

Table 8. Quality parameters of grain after spring wheat treatment with brassinosteroids

Variety

Year

Yield (corrected on moisture 14 %)

1000 kernels weight

t ha-1

g

untreated plants

2005

6.54

53.24

24-epiBL

6.09*

56.99*

24-epiCS

6.19

55.77*

4154

6.36

56.61*

KR1

6.20

54.99*

KR2

6.12

54.77*

KR3

6.41

54.91*

KR4

6.37

55.59*

KR5

6.33

55.38*

untreated plants

2006

7.10

45.04

24-epiBL

6.66

45.10

24-epiCS

7.12

45.10

4154

7.19

44.46

KR1

7.04

45.22

KR2

7.12

44.62

KR3

7.13

44.17

KR4

6.86

44.62

KR5

7.09

44.38

untreated plants

2007

4.57

45.60

24-epiBL

4.32

44.71

24-epiCS

4.60

45.74

4154

4.53

45.44

KR1

4.53

45.05

KR2

4.52

45.10

KR3

4.45

45.33

KR4

4.48

46.00

KR5

4.65

45.87

Table 9. Yield of grain and 1000 kernels weight after spring wheat treatment with brassinosteroids; *statistically significant difference (at the level of significance p < 0.05) between treated and untreated plants

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