Given the lack, even today, of available technologies/methodologies in adequately probing lignin structure, there were nevertheless a number of other attempts to provide depictions of what lignin structure(s) might look like. As described below, while each contains numerous discrepancies relative to recent experimental observations, progress was made though as regards identification of additional structural subunits within lignins. However, the limita­tions again further underscored the urgent need to now develop methodologies to accurately probe native lignin macromolecular configuration.