08.08.2015   Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass

Refining

Crude Jatropha oil can be refined into two products: biodiesel and biokerosene.

Подпись: Biofuels will become a reality in aviation fuels over the next ten years (2010-2020) International Air Transport Association (IATA) committed goal: 10% biofuels in aviation fuels until 2017, 15% by 2020 First steps have been taken - technical feasibility can be considered as given Successful Jatropha based jet fuel tests by Air New Zealand, Continental Airlines & Japan Airlines in 2008/2009 Key challenge: Produce necessary volumes of feed stock to supply the aviation industry
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Подпись: 10%
Подпись: <1% 1%

Figure 17.2 IATA’s goals for bio jet fuel share and key messages. Source: GEXSI Presentation at World Biofuel Markets 2010.

17.4.1 Biodiesel

Biodiesel is produced by transesterification. Along with ethanol, biodiesel is already widely produced from various feedstocks around the world. However, biodiesel is unsuitable for use as jet fuel, primarily because its freezing point is too high. The large majority of Jatropha planting projects today are targeting biodiesel, which is the larger overall market. Biodiesel is ideal for "heavy engines,” like heavy rail, heavy truck, and heavy marine engines. Several shipping companies like Maersk, the container shipping company, are testing biodiesels at present.

17.4.2