08.08.2015   Handbook of biofuels production

Properties of biodiesel based cat-fish fat

Properties of biodiesel B100 produced under industrial pilot scale at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry are given in Table 23.6. It is shown in this table that the

Table 23.6 Properties of produced biodiesel B100 in comparison with TCVN standard limits

Properties

B100

limits

B100

produced

TCVN7717-07

Test method

Methyl ester, wt.%

96.5 min

98.4

EN 14103

Density at 15°C, kg/m3

860-900

878.9

TCVN 6594 (ASTM D 1298)

Flash point, °C

130.0 min

150

TCVN 2693 (ASTM D 93)

Water and sediment,

0.050 max

0.005

ASTM D 2709

% vol

Kinematic viscosity

1.9-6.0

4.6

TCVN 3171 (ASTM D 445)

40°C, mm2/s

Sulphated ash, wt.%

0.020 max

0.001

TCVN 2689 (ASTM D 874)

Sulphur, ppm

500 max

50

ASTM D 5453/TCVN 6701

Copper strip corrosion

N°1

1a

TCVN 2694 (ASTM D 130)

Cetane number

47 min

51

TCVN 7630 (ASTM D 613)

Cloud point, °C

Report

+ 10

ASTM D 2500

Carbon residue, 100%

0.050 max

0.019

ASTM D 4530

sample, wt.%

Acid number, mg KOH/g

0.50 max

0.35

TCVN 6325 (ASTM D 664)

Iodine value, g/100g

120 max

44.3

EN 14111/TCVN 6122

Oxidation stability at

6 min

6.2

ASTM D 2274/EN 14112

110°C, hours

Free glycerin, wt.%

0.020 max

0.018

ASTM D 6584

Total glycerin wt.%

0.240 max

0.184

ASTM D 6584

Phosphorus content, wt.%

0.001 max

0.0006

ASTM D 4951

90% distillation fraction

360 max

337

ASTM D 1160

temp, °C

Sodium/potassium,

5.0 max

3

EN 14108, EN 14109

combined, mg/kg

Table 23.7 Properties of cat-fish fat based biodiesel blend B5 fuel and proposed Vietnamese standard limits for biodiesel B5

Properties

B5

Proposed B5 limits

Density at 15°C, kg/m3

844.2

820-860

Flash point, °C

77

55 min

Water and sediment, % vol

0.007

0.02 max

Kinematic viscosity 40°C, mm2/s

3.91

2-4.5

Sulphated ash, wt.%

0.0025

0.01 max

Sulfur, ppm

470

500

Copper strip corrosion, 50°C, 3 hours

1a

1

Cetane number

54

46 min

Cloud point, °C

-3

6 max

Carbon residue, 100% sample, wt.%

0.0487

0.03

90% distillation fraction temp, °C

346

360 max

produced biodiesel B100 meets all requirements of Vietnam standard on Biodiesel B100 (TCVN7717-07).35 The cloud point of 10°C of biodiesel B100 requires an additive to reduce for storage in biodiesel ‘neat’ form; however, within the pilot scale production, the fuel is stored in B5 form so this matter was not mentioned.

Following a specific blending procedure, biodiesel B5 blend (5% B100 and 95% market diesel) was produced. This biodiesel B5 meets almost all limits of the proposed Biodiesel B5 standard described in Table 23.7. In addition, due to low percentage of biodiesel B100 in the mixture, the B5 fuel has quite close properties with those of market diesel and standard limits of petrodiesel given in TCVN 5689-2005.36 The cetane number, flash point and kinematic viscosity are in turn of 54, 79 and 3.91, slightly higher than those of market diesel (in turn of 51, 78 and 3.87). These properties of Biodiesel B5 analysed within the mentioned national research project have contributed remarkably for Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality to develop B5 fuel standard in Vietnam.

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