Acetic acid, at present, most demand of the commercial acetic acid is met synthetically. The production involves fermentation by a species of Acetobacter, which converts ethanol to acetic acid with a small final concentrations percentage (4-6%), using almost exclusively for vinegar production. In commercial practice, the actual yield roughly 75-80% of the theoretical yield [5].

Ferulic acid, as a precursor for numerous aromatic chemicals used in the chemistry industry, can be produced from lignocellulosic feedstock [88].

Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid and Furfural, their biorefinery process usually involves the use of dilute acid as a catalyst but it differs from other dilute-acid lignocellulosic — fractionating processes in that free monomer sugars are not the product. Instead, these monosaccharides are converted into the platform chemicals levulinic acid and furfural as the final products by multiple acid-catalysed reactions [103].