Advantages in the use of biofuels integrating glycerol

Glycerol-free biofuels in a market flooded by the overproduction of glycerol from biodiesel utilization can be very convenient and advantageous. Ecodiesel®, DMC-Biod® and Gliperol® could be another good alternative for the future. They integrate glycerol as a by-product (MG, DMC or triacetin, respectively)
forming single homogeneous mixtures, thus avoiding the generation of waste or by-products in their preparation processes. Their preparation processes do not require any additional separation processes. MG, DMC or triacetin may be perfectly incorporated (and thus burned) with the mixture of FAMEs (or FAEEs) in diesel engines. In terms of green chemistry, glycerine incorporation into biofuels also increases the efficiency of the process (nominally from the current 90-100%), without causing substantial changes in the physical-chemical properties of biofuels. The atomic efficiency also experiences the corresponding improvement, given that the total number of atoms involved in the reaction is part of the final mixture that forms the biofuel.

The application of immobilized lipases, as heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst, may constitute a competitive procedure in the future, with respect to the current process based on basic homogeneous catalysis, because these biocatalysts are able to generate a novel family of biofuels that reduce the complexity of the process (avoid wash processes to remove the residual glycerine), increase the process yields and minimize waste generation. In addition, enzyme production processes are conducted in conditions that are comparatively more gentle (or green) to those conventionally utilized for the production of biodiesel (pH, temperature, pressure, etc.). With regard to combustion properties, relevant for the application of these biofuels in diesel engines, no important differences with respect to petroleum diesel have been found. Even better, properties including pour and cold points and lubricity are improved.

Finally, a very critical shortcoming, such as the use of water to clean/remove glycerol traces in biodiesel production, is also avoided by using these biofuels. This problem is a major issue in many southern European countries (e. g. Portugal, Italy, Spain, Greece) where draught can be a severe problem during summer.

In summary, biofuels integrating glycerol into their composition should be an urgent priority for the near future, as until now, none of them are legalized by the European Union despite several procedures being available to produce them.