The technology of producing fuel ethanol using sugarcane, which has a characteristic of high rate of energy conversion, wide adaptability, and strong resistance, etc, has received extensive attention (Watanabe, 2009). Brazil, Australia and other countries have made breakthroughs in the sugarcane improvement, ethanol fermentation process and its application (Goldemberg et al., 2008; International Energy Agency (IEA), 2004). Brazil is the world’s largest sugar producer and exporter of fuel ethanol, which is expected that annual

output of 65 billion liters by 2020(Walter et al., 2008). Energy security and environmental stress force China to seek and develop biofuels as a substitute of fossil energy. Meanwhile, China has also introduced policies that encourage the development of fuel ethanol using sugarcane and other non-food crop, to ease pressure on energy demand. Recently, the study and the industrial-scale production of biofuels, particularly, fuel ethanol and biodiesel, have progressed remarkably in China as a result of government preferential policies and funding supports (Zhong et al., 2010).

Fig. 1. Highlight of sugarcane for bioethanol