08.08.2015   Switchgrass

Bio-oil Properties, Upgrading and Applications Bio-oil Properties

Properties of bio-oil are compared with those of biomass and crude oil in Table 5. In its original form, bio-oil cannot be used directly for fuels, chemicals and power production because of its undesirable properties described below.

Table 5. Comparison of typical properties of switchgrass, bio-oil and crude-oil.*

Properties

Switchgrass

Bio-oil

Crude oil

Moisture content (% wt on w. b.)

10

15-30

0.1

pH

—

2.8-3.8

—

Specific gravity

1.38

1.05-1.25

0.86

HHV [MJ/kg], d. b.

18.8

16-19

44

Viscosity at 50C [cP]

—

40-100

180

Ash (% wt on d. b.)

4.6

<0.2

0.1

C (% wt on d. b.)

496.6

55-65

83-86

H (% wt on d. b.)

5.7

5-7

11-14

O (% wt on d. b.)

42.3

28-40

<1.0

N (% wt on d. b.)

0.2

<0.4

<0.3

S (% wt on d. b.)

<0.3

<0.05

<4

*(Mortensen et al. 2011; Sharma et al. 2011.)

High Water Content

Because there is no loss of water during pyrolysis, water content of bio-oil is similar to the water content of the biomass. If existing refining
processes are to be used, bio-oil water content must be reduced to make it compatible to the petroleum feedstock, which has very low moisture content (about 0.1%).

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