Second generation lignocellulosic bioenergy crops are often viewed as environmentally sustainable relative to first generation and non-renewable alternatives in the transportation fuel sector (Dale et al. 2011). In addition to the carbon emissions-affiliated metrics discussed above, there are a number of indicators that can provide information on the environmental quality of bioenergy systems (McBride et al. 2011). These include indicators affiliated with soil quality, water quality (and quantity), biodiversity, air quality, and productivity. Here we concentrate on providing a brief overview of effects of agronomic production of switchgrass on (a) soil and water quality, (b) biodiversity, and (c) invasiveness issues. In some contexts more than others, the fact that it would likely be grown in large monocultures at expansive spatial scales is highly relevant.