2018-2020 EV Charger Market and Charging Stations Forecasts in 2014 Electric Vehicle Industry Research Reports

ReportsnReports.com adds Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market 2014-2018 and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations — Market Analysis and Forecast to 2020 industry research reports to its online business intelligence and data library.

Global Electric Vehicle Charger market is forecast to grow at 28.28% CAGR over the period 2013-2018, with government subsidies and incentives being one of the major market drivers discussed in Global Electric Vehicle Charger (EVC) Market 2014-2018 research report. The report spread across 60 pages is available at http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/318725-global-electric-vehicle-charger-market-2014-2018.html . To calculate the market size, the report considers the revenue generated from the three segments: Wired AC EVC, DC EVC, and Wireless EVC. It presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the top four vendors in the Global EVC market. In addition, the report discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the Global EVC market. It also outlines the challenges faced by vendors and the market at large, as well as the key trends that will contribute to the growth of the market.

An EVC, technically known as EVSE, is an electrical device that consists of a box with a cord and a plug. It is used to connect the electric power source, such as a wall socket, to an EV and recharge the batteries installed in the EV. A majority of EV manufacturers provide and install an EVSE along with the EV. EV owners often purchase an additional EVC for installation at an alternate location or as a replacement for an existing malfunctioned EVC. There is high demand for EVCs in the growing Global EV Charging Station market.

Global EVC market 2014-2018 research report has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas, and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers the Global EVC market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market. Companies like AeroVironment Inc., ChargePoint Inc., GE Co., Schneider Electric SA, ABB, AddEnergie, Aker Wade Power Technologies, Bosch Automotive Service Solutions, CarCharging Group, Chargemaster, ClipperCreek, DBT, Denso, Eaton, ECOtality, Efacec, Energizer, Evatran, eVgo, Greenlots, Hitachi, Ingeteam, Legrand, Leviton, POD Point, Qualcomm Halo, SemaConnect, Siemens, SPX Service Solutions and WiTricity are discussed in this research available for purchase at http://www.reportsnreports.com/Purchase.aspx?name=318725 .

The Electric Vehicle Charging Stations — Market Analysis and Forecast to 2020 research report is spread across 94 pages and provides in-depth analysis of the level 2 and 3 Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station markets at global and country level. The widespread use of EVs has inevitably led to a rise in the installation of EV charging stations. EVs emit less carbon dioxide than Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, and many governments have announced EV targets for 2015 and 2020 to reduce emissions from the transportation sector. The markets for EV charging stations have similar prospects worldwide. In North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific they are at an introductory stage but are expected to grow at a significant rate in the coming years.

The US Electric Vehicle (EV) level 2 charging stations market will surge from $67 million in 2013 to approximately $947 million by 2020, catalyzed by President Obama’s target of one million EVs on US roads by 2015. This research states that the global market for EV level 2 charging stations will grow exponentially from an estimated $0.2 billion in 2014 to $3.5 billion by 2020.The US is currently the world’s leading market, having claimed more than a 30% share of the total annual installations in 2013. The US government is providing a number of incentives to encourage EV charging station installations, with finance delivered under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).

Treasury grants in lieu of the investment tax credit have been one of the most attractive measures for companies in the US renewable energy industry. ARRA provides more than $30 billion of funds for energy initiatives, such as the smart power grid, advanced battery techniques, and energy efficiency measures. In 2009, the US committed a total of $3.4 billion to the Smart Grid Investment Grant and Smart Grid Demonstration programs, which aim to accelerate the implementation of smart grid technologies and systems.

This EV charging station market report expects sales from level 2 residential chargers to account for over 70% of the US annual sales volume in 2014, while non-residential chargers will account for the remaining 30%. However, the annual sales share of the latter chargers will increase to over 50% by 2020. Non-residential level 2 charger installations are expected to increase, as governments and offices invest in enhancing public charging points with this equipment. A number of offices have already installed these chargers and are finding that existing volumes do not meet demand. With the anticipated rise in EV purchases, more investment in the public EV charging infrastructure will be required at both a commercial and city level.

Supported with 32 tables and 30 figures, the Electric Vehicle Charging Stations — Market Analysis and Forecast to 2020 research report can be purchased at http://www.reportsnreports.com/Purchase.aspx?name=144861 .

Explore more reports on electric vehicles market as well as on the automotive sector and energy and power industries at http://www.reportsnreports.com/market-research/energy-and-power-supplies/ .

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Report: VW invests in novel energy storage company QuantumScape and its solid-state “All Electron Battery”

9 December 2014

Bloomberg recently reported that the Volkswagen Group has made an investment in QuantumScape, a Silicon Valley stealth startup commercializing a novel solid-state energy storage technology—the “All-Electron Battery” (AEB), originally developed at Stanford and supported by the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) ARPA-E BEEST program (earlier post), as noted by Katie Fehrenbacher at GigaOM.

Volkswagen executives have been hinting for awhile now about taking a different approach to high-energy-density electrical storage for long-range electric vehicles than the more “conventional” next-generation Li-ion or Li-metal battery pathways. Volkswagen at this point is steadfastly returning official “No comments” to questions here in the US and in Germany about the veracity of the Bloomberg report. However, if the Group has indeed taken a position in QuantumScape with the intention of supporting the development of the AEB for vehicle applications, that would certainly qualify as “a different approach.” In the AEB, energy storage is via the movement of electrons in bulk rather than ions (as in Li-ion batteries) and uses electron/hole redox instead of capacitive polarization of a double-layer (e.g., conventional capacitors).

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Plot of permittivity (ε) and dielectric breakdown (E_bd) for a range of materials including the AEB as originally targeted by the Stanford engineering team in 2010. Corresponding gravimetric densities at top. Advanced experimental Li-sulfur batteries have shown volumetric densities in the range of 400 Wh/L, while Li-air batteries theoretically could have volumetric capacities of ~1500 Wh/L—i.e., roughly the same as the target. Source: Stanford. Click to enlarge.

The “All Electron Battery” the Stanford engineering team set out to develop represented “a completely new class of electrical energy storage devices for electric vehicles that has the potential to provide ultra-high energy and power densities, while enabling extremely high cycle life.”

Electrons are lighter and faster than the ion charge carriers in conventional Li-ion batteries. Because the technology relies on electrical energy stored as electrons rather than ions, small and light devices with high storage capacities are possible. Furthermore, electron transport allows for fast charge and discharge.

Further, the technology uses a novel architecture that has potential for very high energy density because it decouples the two functions of capacitors: charge separation and breakdown strength. This increases both the life of the battery and the amount of energy it can store. The battery could be charged 1000s of times without showing a significant drop in performance.

In 2010 (also the year QuantumScape was founded), ARPA-E awarded Stanford, with Honda and Applied Materials as project partners, $1,498,681 for a two-year project to further the AEB.

In patents awarded to Stanford, the Stanford researchers explained that the improved energy storage is provided by exploiting two physical effects in combination.

• The All-Electron Battery (AEB) effect relates to the use of inclusions embedded in a dielectric structure between two electrodes of a capacitor. Electrons can tunnel through the dielectric between the electrodes and the inclusions, thereby increasing the charge storage density relative to a conventional capacitor.

• The area enhancement effect relates to the use of micro-structuring or nano-structuring on one or both of the electrodes to provide an enhanced interface area relative to the electrode geometrical area. Area enhancement is advantageous for reducing the self-discharge rate of the device.

In the patent document, the inventors note that important design parameters for AEBs include:

• electrode area enhancement factors;
• the spacing between electrodes and inclusions;
• the spacing between inclusions;
• the size, shape, and number density of inclusions;
• the tunneling energy barrier between electrodes and inclusions;
• the tunneling energy barrier between inclusions;
• dielectric constants; and
• work functions.

The charge and discharge rates and storage capacities of the devices can be selected by appropriate geometrical design and material choice. Charge and discharge rates depend on the gaps between inclusions and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, therefore the rates can be altered by changing the distances between inclusions, and/or the dielectric constant. Charge and discharge rates further depend upon the electron affinity of the dielectric material and of the inclusions.

If Volkswagen has invested in QuantumScape (and if QuantumScape is basing its technology on the Stanford AEB), then we may see relatively soon what types of design and optimization decisions the startup has made on top of the basic technology with an eye toward vehicle applications.

Resources

• All-electron battery having area-enhanced electrodes
  US 8524398 B2

Williams Advanced Engineering’s simulator technology to help in trial of driverless cars

9 December 2014

Williams Advanced Engineering is part of a consortium that has secured government funding from Innovate UK to test driverless cars in the Bristol region. This appointment follows the UK Chancellor’s recent autumn statement announcement to make the UK a world center for the testing and development of this new technology.

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Williams will bring its simulator and artificial intelligence technology to the project. An autonomous vehicle system will be integrated with the simulator to test it in a virtual environment. This technology will help increase the number of hours the system can be tested and can simulate various weather conditions and traffic scenarios that are difficult to test on real roads. Williams’ simulator technology will also help test public acceptance to driverless vehicles.

Williams’ expertise in simulation originates in Formula One where the Williams Formula One teams’ drivers have been using sophisticated simulators since 2002. Williams Advanced Engineering has been commercializing this technology since 2010, with previous projects including the development of road safety simulators to improve driving standards in Qatar.

The consortium, called VENTURER, includes a range of organizations including Atkins, Bristol City Council, South Gloucestershire Council, AXA, Fusion Processing, Centre for Transport and Society, University of the West of England (UWE Bristol), University of Bristol and Bristol Robotics Laboratory, a collaboration between the University of Bristol and UWE Bristol.

Qualcomm invests in Chargemaster Plc in acceleration for wireless charging in UK

9 December 2014

Qualcomm Incorporated has invested in Chargemaster Plc, the UK’s largest manufacturer and operator of electric vehicle charging points. The two companies have been working together for several years. The move will accelerate the planned UK development, production and deployment of Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) technology, Chargemaster said.

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Chargemaster, based in Luton, designs, develops, manufactures and operates charging points for electric vehicles. It has produced more than 27,000 charging points for use in public, workplace and domestic locations and operates POLAR, the UKs largest network of public charging points.

Chargemaster sees a market for wireless charging pads at domestic, workplace and public locations and the new points will supplement the company’s existing EV charging network. The company has already installed more than 10,000 ‘wireless ready’ public and workplace charging points in the UK and Europe, which can be easily adapted to include the new WEVC systems.

The Qualcomm Halo WEVC technology utilizes resonant magnetic induction to transfer energy from a ground-based pad to a pad integrated into the vehicle. The base pad and vehicle pad are coupled magnetically and energy is transferred wirelessly into the vehicle and used to charge the vehicle’s batteries. The base pad may be mounted on a garage or road surface or buried below the ground. The technology is efficient and is designed to allow easy alignment when parking.

We have been working with Qualcomm for several years now and this investment is a natural progression. We are very excited about helping to bring the next major evolution in electric motoring to the market, making the electric driving experience even more enjoyable and practical for daily use.

DOE issues FY 2015 SBIR/STTR Release 2 funding opportunity, including hydrogen fuel cells, electric drive batteries

9 December 2014

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has issued its FY 2015 Phase I Release 2 Funding Opportunity Announcement (DE-FOA-0001227) for the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs. Technical topics for this FOA—which span the range of DOE interests from fossil to nuclear to renewable and low-carbon energies—include two hydrogen- and fuel-cell-related topics: fuel cell-battery electric hybrid trucks and in-line quality control devices for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.

Also included are electric drive vehicle batteries, power electronics, on-board reformers, and advanced crank and ignition mechanisms for combustion engines.

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Approximately $23,735,000 is expected to be available for new awards under this FOA; DOE anticipates making approximately 150 awards. Phase I grants will be made during FY 2015 to small businesses with maximum award sizes of $150,000 or $225,000 depending on the topic. The goal of Phase I is to evaluate the scientific or technical merit and feasibility of ideas that appear to have commercial potential and/or substantial application in support of DOE mission research. Success in a DOE Phase I is a prerequisite to further DOE support in Phase II.

DOE also offers a Fast-Track grant option to expedite the decision and award of SBIR and STTR Phase I and II funding for scientifically meritorious applications that have a high potential for commercialization. Fast-Track incorporates a submission and review process in which both Phase I and Phase II grant applications are combined into one application and submitted and reviewed together. If milestones are not met in Phase I, authorization to proceed to Phase II may not be provided and the grant will discontinue following Phase I efforts.

DOE is encouraging qualified small businesses with strong research capabilities in science or engineering in any of the research areas designated in the announcement to apply.

Topics of interest for transportation include:

• Fuel Cell-Battery Electric Hybrid for Utility or Municipal Medium-Duty or Heavy-Duty Bucket Trucks. Fuel Cell Technologies Office seeks applications with projects that develop and demonstrate hydrogen PEM fuel cell-battery electric hybrid trucks for medium-duty or heavy-duty bucket trucks with drivetrain-integrated electric power systems. Applications are sought for technology and value propositions that will help establish a business case and demonstrate fuel cell-battery electric hybrid truck technologies.

• In-Line Quality Control (QC) Devices Technology Transfer Opportunity (TTO) Applicable to PEM Fuel Cell MEA Materials. FCTO has supported Manufacturing RD to address industry-identified technical barriers to the scale-up of PEM fuel cells for mobile, stationary, and portable applications. Applications are sought that meet the critical need for in-line quality control devices for PEM fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA) component manufacturing processes. Awardees will have access to technology developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and must design and fabricate a QC device that is ready for implementation in a roll-to-roll production line to produce one or more MEA component materials.

• Electric Drive Vehicle Batteries. DOE is seeking applications to develop electrochemical energy storage technologies which support commercialization of micro, mild, and full HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs. Some specific improvements of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: new low-cost materials; high voltage and high temperature non-carbonate electrolytes; improvements in manufacturing processes, speed, or yield; improved cell/pack design minimized inactive material; significant improvement in specific energy (Wh/kg) or energy density (Wh/L); and improved safety. Phase I feasibility studies must be evaluated in full cells (not half cells) greater than 200mAh in size while Phase II technologies should be demonstrated in full cells greater than 2Ah.

• SiC Schottky Diodes for Electric Drive Vehicle Power Electronics. While lower current (100 A current remains a key threshold for automotive applications. The Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) seeks applicants to overcome this SiC device current threshold barrier by demonstrating production of 100A, 600V rated diodes suitable for use in electric-drive vehicle traction motor inverters. Specifically, devices produced should show automotive application readiness by passing qualification specifications or standards while achieving high yields.

• Onboard Fuel Separator or Reformer. On-board fuel separation or reformation has the potential to overcome infrastructure (e.g. pipeline, dispenser material compatibility) and consumer challenges associated with introducing fuel streams with specific desirable characteristics, such as very high-octane or evaporative cooling capability, during vehicle operation. After overcoming such challenges, these fuel streams would be able to positively affect the combustion process and result in increased efficiency for automotive vehicles. On-board separation/reformation technologies, if successful, could accelerate the deployment of vehicles with more efficient combustion designs that require specific fuel streams characteristics during some driving modes.

  The technology developed under this subtopic must be capable of separating or reforming convention fuels and be packaged on conventional light or heavy duty vehicles without disrupting the existing system. The developed prototype must be capable of demonstrating a net 10% fuel economy improvement, and cost to manufacture on a production basis must not exceed $200/unit.

• Alternative Crank Mechanisms for Internal Combustion Engines Leading to Improved Energy Efficiency. Reciprocating internal combustion (e.g. gasoline or diesel) engines for automotive applications use slider/crank mechanisms to create torque on an engine’s output shaft from forces applied to pistons as a result of the pressure created by the combustion of fuel. While direct mechanical losses of traditional slider/crank mechanisms are small, there is another indirect loss as a consequence of slider/crank use. Early in an engine’s power stroke, cylinder temperatures—and therefore convective and radiative heat losses—all peak. The engine’s rate of performing work is still very low reducing energy efficiency. The net effect may be that slider/crank mechanisms indirectly lead to preventable energy losses and reduced energy efficiency.

  Applications must propose the development of a functioning prototype of a mass-produced, commercially available reciprocating engine, modified with an alternative mechanical mechanism linking the piston to the engine’s output shaft is desired. Reporting must include fuel consumption test results over the entire engine map of the prototype compared with a second, unmodified, otherwise identical engine. All fuel consumption testing must be conducted according to engine industry norms. Statistically valid fuel economy improvements (95% confidence level) of at least 5.0% are desired.

• Advanced Ignition System for Internal Combustion Engines Enabling Lean-Burn and Dilute Gasoline Ignition. Lean-burn combustion in gasoline (Otto-cycle) engines introduces physical conditions that severely impede reliable ignition of fuel-air mixtures. For Phase I, prototype ignition systems are sought that: extend the lean ignition limit to an air/fuel ratio 20; 4nable reliable ignition under high in-cylinder pressures (up to 100 bar at the time of ignition), thus enabling high load operation; enable operation under high levels of exhaust gas recirculation; and
  lower or maintain ignitability as measured by a coefficient of variance of IMEP

  Typical candidates for this effort are advanced ignition systems such as laser ignition, microwave ignition, and plasma jet ignition. Prechamber combustion systems are not of interest for this subtopic.