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14 декабря, 2021
Researchers have found a way to turn a biodiesel by-product into a chemical important to the production of plastic. This article from Chemistry World says work in Switzerland has found a sustainable method to synthesise platform chemical lactic acid from waste glycerol.
The increasing demand for biodiesel means an oversupply of glycerol and, currently, any excess glycerol must be disposed of. Glycerol corresponds to around 10wt% of the fuel made. Predictions expect glycerol production from biodiesel to reach about 3.7 million tons in 2020, having seen around 2.5 million tons produced in 2014.
Lactic acid is commonly used to produce commodity chemicals like acrylic acid and pyruvic acid. However, polymerising lactic acid can give a biodegradable plastic called polylactic acid (PLA). PLA has a variety of applications as a packaging material and is anticipated to be a greener replacement for the common synthetic polymer PET.
The article goes on to say this new process for synthesising lactic acid makes the production cheaper and more sustainable.
Syngenta announced today that it has received approval for the Agrisure Viptera® trait (event MIR162) from China’s regulatory authorities, formally granting import approval. The approval covers corn grain and processing byproducts, such as dried distillers grains (DDGs), for food and feed use.
The Agrisure Viptera® trait is a key component of Syngenta’s insect control solutions, offering growers protection against the broadest spectrum of above-ground corn pests and enabling significant crop yield gains. Agrisure Viptera® has been approved for cultivation in the USA since 2010 and has also been approved for cultivation in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Paraguay and Uruguay.
Syngenta originally submitted the import approval dossier to the Chinese authorities in March 2010. In addition to China, Agrisure Viptera® has been approved for import into Australia/New Zealand, Belarus, the European Union, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mexico, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Firefighters were forced to rescue people trapped in stalled elevators. Schools shut down at lunch time. The Detroit Free Press had harsh words for city leadership.
How would microgrids help? First let’s look at why Detroit’s power system failed so badly. The power outage was triggered by a cable failure that took down an already weak system. Unfortunately, blackouts are not a new problem in Detroit.
It’s important to note that Detroit isn’t the only U.S. city with a vulnerable power grid. December also brought news-making power outages to San Francisco and Washington, D.C. A storm-related blackout in San Francisco on Dec. 11 left 100,000 homes and businesses without electricity. And on Dec. 15, a blown transformer and construction accident led to power outages in key government buildings in the nation’s capital, including the State Department and the Federal Reserve. The lights even flickered in the White House.
The American Society of Civil Engineers has given the nation’s power infrastructure an overall grade of D+, saying many improvements are needed. The money isn’t always available, however, for massive upgrades.
How Microgrids Can Help
The frequency with which the grid goes dark is increasing in many places. When power goes out, everything grinds to a halt – unless local microgrids or generators are there to support critical facilities like transportation systems, hospitals, emergency services, and government buildings.
A microgrid is a local, customized electricity system that includes generation, storage and loads. A form of distributed energy, microgrids often derive power from solar panels, fuel cells, wind turbines, diesel, or combined heat and power (CHP).
In the United States, microgrids are usually connected to the centralized grid. But at times when local electricity is needed, the microgrid can be disconnected or ‘islanded’ from the centralized grid and can operate on its own, providing power to critical buildings when the grid cannot.
Why Financing Is Crucial
So why aren’t there more microgrids?
The microgrid industry has been developing gradually in North America and internationally. It is largely driven by military installations, climate resilience policies, off-grid communities, and the fuel costs of islands. Since Superstorm Sandy, interest in resilience has translated into heightened awareness of the need for microgrids.
However, many city leaders still do not yet fully understand the technology and its benefits and costs. Education is key.
Energy storage and microgrids are not as expensive as is commonly held; costs are falling. Lithium-ion batteries, which are ideal for microgrids, have dramatically dropped in cost as they have been commercialized. These costs will continue to come down with market expansion. Energy storage is already cost-effective in certain places.
It is taking time for financing to catch up with the opportunities that exist. There is some financing available for full off-grid systems and some for behind-the-meter systems. But microgrids are still considered high risk by investors. It is likely financing options will improve to catch up with the market during the next few years.
When Policy and Standards Align
Meanwhile, states like Connecticut, New Jersey, New York and others are ramping up government incentives and policies to help the industry launch. At Princeton Power Systems, we are advocating for more coordination with stakeholders to create new codes and standards so states can coalesce around a more common approach.
We also are encouraging policymakers and regulators to require solar to be microgrid-ready. The deployment of solar is going to continue to expand during the coming decade. The idea of energy storage and microgrids will become more closely linked to solar than it has been in the past. To prepare for this and keep costs in check, we would like to see state policy and military policy specify that solar systems built now be compatible with microgrids. This would allow them to act as islanded systems and pair with energy storage.
If we’re going to put money into resiliency and reliability, we should focus on microgrids and distributed generation. It will make economic sense in more and more places as the years go by, especially in cities with aging electric infrastructure. By installing microgrids these cities can avoid becoming a cautionary tale like Detroit.
Lead image: Transmission via Shutterstock
Season greetings from our friends at ETA Florence, your partner in renewable energies.
In Washington, the University of Minnesota recently released a report entitled “Life Cycle Air Quality Impacts Of Conventional And Alternative Light-Duty Transportation In the United States,” which contains significant flaws in regards to their analysis of ethanol. Tom Buis, CEO of Growth Energy, released a statement regarding the report, railing it as “misleading, inaccurate” and running counter to a large body of expert research.
“This report also fails to account for the numerous environmental benefits ethanol provides. According to Argonne National Laboratory, ethanol reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by an average of 34 percent compared to gasoline, even when the highly controversial and disputed theory on Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) is factored into the modeling. However, the study by the University of Minnesota specifically excludes ILUC impacts, and Argonne has found that without ILUC included, ethanol reduces GHG emissions by 57 percent compared to gasoline.”
More on the story.
In Australia, Algae.Tec announced a further subscription agreement with Reliance Industrial Investments and Holdings Limited (RIIHL), its largest partner, to raise A$2.4 million. Algae.Tec has assigned an immediate agreement to raise A$1.4 million via the issue of 20 million shares at A$0.07 per share
In addition Algae.Tec is issuing 14,285,714 options to subscribe for shares at exercise price of $0.07 cents per share. RIIHL must exercise 7,142,857 of these options 5 months after December 18, 2014 and subsequently 10 months after December 18, 2014. The proceeds are to be used to provide additional working capital for the fast development of an algae pilot plant in Jamnagar, India, utilizing Algae Tec’s technology for the creation of biofuel.
In an unusually harmonious settlement that provides relatively generous terms to rooftop solar owners for 10 years, Duke Energy, South Carolina Electric Gas and public power utilities in South Carolina have reached a deal with green groups and solar…
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