Bioethanol is usually produced out of organic-based matter with high contents of sugar fermentation by enzymes produced from yeast. The yeast converts
six-carbon sugars (mainly glucose) to ethanol, because starch is much easier than cellulose to convert to glucose (Nigam and Singh, 2011). Bioethanol is produced simi­larly to other alcohols such as spirits using natural prod­ucts like wheat, maize and sugar beet. Hence, the suitable raw materials required for bioethanol produc­tion could be any of those materials that contain consid­erable amounts of carbohydrates to provide fermentable sugars for bioconversion into bioethanol. Then an opti­mized microbial fermentation process can be used for the bioconversion of sugars released from carbohydrates into ethanol (Nigam and Singh, 2011).

Agricultural waste materials are inexpensively found outside the human food chain in large amounts and can be obtained throughout the year. These agricultural bio­masses are the potential feedstocks for bioethanol pro­duction, including the cellulosic biomass, as well as starchy waste agricultural materials, and they provide low-cost and uniquely sustainable resources, improve­ment on energy security, development of the economy, as well as cleaning the environment and atmosphere by the disposing of problematic solid wastes and getting wealth out of wastes. Synthetically, 7% ethanol can be made from petroleum resources and 93% ethanol through fermentation process using microorganisms to convert biomass materials into ethanol (Kahn et al., 2011).