The complexity and chemical interactions of the aqueous mixture of BuOH, 2-PrOH, acetone, and EtOH produced by the bacterial fermentation of various carbohydrate launched devel­opment of numerous innovative separation processes. Belafi-Bako et al. [115] reviewed with 246 reference results and developments on simultaneous product removal in ethanol and acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation regarding thermal processes (e. g., evaporation, distil­lation), physical and chemical methods (e. g., extraction, adsorption as well as catalytic reactions), and different membrane separation techniques (e. g., perstraction, reversed osmosis, pervaporation, dialysis).