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PYROLYSIS REACTORS
Types of pyrolysis reactors and the methods of heating employed are shown in Table 4.2. Configurations are basically similar to those employed in gasification although a wider range of unusual combinations and configurations have been devised. Key features of pyrolysis processes are the method of heating which was described and discussed in Chapter 3.
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Table 4.1 Status of Pyrolysis Liquids Production Processes, 1995
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Table 4.2 Pyrolysis Reactors, Heating Methods and Heating Rates
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The organisations currently involved in fast pyrolysis for production of primary liquids are listed alphabetically in Table 4.3 with an indication of the maximum capacity achieved to date. Each is summarised in the sections below. Figure 4.1 shows how the maximum size of installed plant has grown steadily since pyrolysis was discovered around 1979, and forecasts major plant installations by 2000.
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Oraanisation |
Process |
Country |
Hiahestcaoacitv drv ka/h feed achieved |
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BBC |
BBC |
Canada |
2000 |
|
Castle Capital |
BBC |
Canada |
2000 |
|
CPERI |
CPERI |
Greece |
1 |
|
CRES |
AUA/CRES |
Greece |
8 |
|
Ensyn |
Ensyn |
Canada |
1050 |
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NREL |
NREL |
USA |
35 |
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Red Arrow |
Ensyn |
USA |
1050 |
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Schelde |
U. Twente |
Netherlands |
10 |
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Stenau |
U. Tubingen |
Germany |
1000 |
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Union Fenosa |
U. Waterloo |
Spain |
160 |
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University of Aston |
U. Aston |
UK |
3 |
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University of Athens, Agricultural |
CRES/AUA |
Greece |
8 |
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University of Laval |
U. Laval |
Canada |
50 |
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University of Leeds |
U. Leeds |
UK |
2 |
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University of Tubingen |
U. Tubingen |
Germany |
10 |
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University of Twente |
U. Twente |
Netherlands |
10 |
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University of Waterloo |
U. Waterloo |
Canada |
3 |
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Wastewater Technology Centre |
U. Tubingen |
Canada |
42 |
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Worthing Industries |
Worthing |
Canada |
200 |
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Table 4.3 Organisations Currently Involved with Fast Pyrolysis for Liquids (as at January 1995) |
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Date