Characteristics of Bio-oil and Methods for Modification

Table 3.3

Effect Solution

Erosion, Hot vapour filtration;

Equipment blockage, Liquid filtration;

Combustion problems from slower Modification of the char for

rates of combustion. example by size reduction

"Sparklers" can occur in so that its effect is reduced; combustion leading to potential Modification of the

deposits and high CO emissions, application.

Deposition of solids in combustion Hot vapour filtration; applications including boilers, Processing or upgrading of

engines and turbines. oil;

In turbines the damage potential Modification of application; is considerable particularly in high Pretreat feedstock to performance machines with, for remove ash example, coated blades.

Corrosion of vessels and Careful materials selection; pipework. Stainless steel and some

olefin polymers are

acceptable

Swelling or destruction of sealing Careful materials selection, rings and gaskets.

Liquid decomposition on hot Recognition of problem and surfaces leading to decomposition appropriate cooling

and blockage; facilities;

Adhesion of droplets on surfaces Avoidance of contact with below 400*C. hot surfaces > 500’C.

High pressure drops in pipelines Careful low temperature leading to higher cost equipment heating, and/or possibilities of leakage or and/or addition of water, even pipe rupture. and/or addition of co­

solvents such as methanol or ethanol.

Complex effect on viscosity, Recognition of problem; heating value, density, stability, Optimisation with respect to pH, homogeneity etc. application.

Layering or partial separation of Modify or change process; phases; Modify pyrolysis

Filtration problems. parameters;

Change feedstock to low lignin;

Additives;

Control water content.

Characteristic

Suspended char

Alkali metals

Low pH

Incompatibility with polymers Temperature sensitivity

High viscosity

Water content

In-homogeneity

Ensyn

3.5ЛЛ