Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
A brief overview of the current position on fast pyrolysis processes for liquids is given below to show the extent of activities while more details are provided in Chapter 4. A recent review of processes that are advanced technically and/or commercially available has been published (12).
Fast pyrolysis of biomass for liquids began in North America around 1980 and has seen significant RD&D effort since then with one successful commercial organisation offering plants with a performance guarantee and several demonstration and pilot scale processes.
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Ensyn’s RTP technology evolved from the research on fast pyrolysis carried out at the University of Western Ontario. They are still the only commercial organisation selling fast pyrolysis plants with a performance guarantee. There are three operational plants: a 25 dry te/d unit at Red Arrow in Wisconsin and an 80 kg/h unit and 10 kg/h R&D unit in Ottawa. Six plants are currently at a design or construction stage: 60, 25, 25, 15, 7.2 and 1 dry te/d which includes the 15 t/d unit for ENEL in Italy for delivery in 1995. Further plants for fuel production are in advanced negotiation in the USA. Ongoing development work includes hot vapour filtration to reduce ash and char, liquid filtration to reduce char, supply of oil for engine and turbine testing in Canada and Europe, combustion testing, upgrading and product characterisation. .