03.08.2015   Bioenergy

Mechanical Properties

Table 5.3 provides an overview of mechanical properties of various biomasses. The mechanical properties of the fibre types from different sources and origin clearly show why the large variation of mechanical properties of biomass becomes a crucial concern when it comes to commercial utilization. The large variability of tensile properties is also a drawback for all natural products which is influenced by species, fibre structure and environmental conditions during plant growth. The structural parameters that have been reported by different methods have influences on the tensile properties of plant fibres—chemical composition, cellulose crystallinity, microfibril angle and stiffness of cell wall materials—and the fibre lumen size as well as the presence of defects (Vincent 2000; Alix et al. 2009).

Types of biomass

Density

(g/cm3)

Young’s modulus (GPa)

Tensile

strength (MPa)

Elongation at break (%)

Source

Oil palm empty fruit bunch

0.7

3.2

248

2.5

1

Ramie

1.5

44

500

2

1

Banana

1.3

33

355

5.3

1

Cotton

1.5

12

400

3

1

Hemp

1.5

70

550

1.6

2

Coir

1.2

44

500

2

2

Sisal

1.3

38

600

2

2

Kenaf

1.1

53

930

1.6

3

Flax

1.5

58

1,339

3.2

4

Jute

1.5

60

860

2

4

Pineapple leaf

1.4

4.4

126

2.2

5

Abaca

1.5

6.2

764

2.6

6

Bamboo

0.9

35

503

1.4

7

Date leaf

0.9

11

309

2.7

7

Palm

1.0

2.7

377

13

7

Vakka

0.8

15

549

3.4

7

E-glass

2.5

2,500

70

2.5

1

S-glass

2.5

4,570

86

2.8

1

Source: (1) Jawaid and Abdul Khalil (2011), (2) Wambua et al. (2003), (3) Pandey et al. (2010), (4) Summerscales et al. (2010), (5) Arib et al. (2006), (6) Symington et al. (2009), (7) Rao and Rao (2007)

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