Implementation costs of the PV system

Two scenarios are considered for the cost of the PV systems: 400 €/m2 and 600 €/m2. This significant difference of values is due to the large variety of PV systems available in the market and also due to the scale factor: the cost of PV decrease with the increment in purchase volume (implementation more favourable for large areas). The system cost includes the PV panels and related equipment with installation cost.

From a weighted average for pavilion and non-pavilion schools, the cost to implement PV system

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is between 270-400k€ per school (depending on the PV fraction) for the 400 €/m2 scenario and 400-600k€ for the 600 €/m2 scenario. The cost of implementation in the full 172 school set is shown in Figure 2.

2.1 PV electricity production and CO2 emissions

The estimation of the electricity produced from PV takes in account the following considerations:

• PV area fraction: 20 or 30%

• Location (different levels of solar irradiation, data from Solterm [5])

Подпись: Figure 3 - PV electricity produced (blue) by the 172 schools with associated avoided CO2 emissions (grey)

Then, from the PV area (for both PV fraction scenarios) and the annual capacity of production of electricity for each district (kWh/m2), the total annual capacity of production of electricity was computed. For the 172 schools the annual electrical production of 21-31 GWh, for a PV fraction of 20%-30% respectively, see Figure 3. The total PV capacity for 172 schools is estimated at approximately 144 000m2 or 20 MWp, almost twice the installed capacity in the large PV facility in Serpa (11 MWp).

2.2 Impact on the Energy Balance of Typical Schools

The average consumption of a standard school is 13 koe/m2.year [3]. We define electrical autonomy for a school as the ratio between the potential of PV electricity production and the total electricity consumed by the school (PVe/Te). Since the PV to floor area ratio for pavilion type schools is more favorable (compared to NP) the PVe/Te ratio is much more favorable for this school type.

Figure 4 — Impact of PV on the electrical autonomy of the schools

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These gains on electrical autonomy will produce an impact on the energy classification of the school buildings according with the national system of energy certification and interior air quality in buildings [2]. Following the standard simulation methodology and discounting the PV production from the primary energy consumption, the energy classification from a typical school

[3] is improved, up to an A+ level, see figure below.

Figure 5 — Impact of PV on the energy class of the schools. The school with no PV is taken as reference.

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