Impact on solar fraction

Table 1 summarizes the results of simulations with the five load matching cases described above together with a base case (case 0) with the default load and production shown in Figure 2 and theoretical limits to the solar fraction (daily and annual optimum).

Table 1. Annual and summer solar fraction for different load matching cases and relative system sizes for detached houses. Daily optimum refers to the theoretical solar fraction that would occur if each daily load and demand were optimally matched. Annual optimum refers to the solar fraction that would result from an optimal match of the total annual load and demand. The summer solar fraction is calculated over the

months of May, June and July.

Summer

Summer

Annual

Annual

Case

ALR 2

ALR 8

ALR 2

ALR 8

0

0.36

0.58

0.21

0.35

1a

0.36

0.65

0.21

0.38

1b

0.39

0.66

0.19

0.37

2a

0.39

0.64

0.23

0.41

2b

0.41

0.73

0.24

0.48

3

0.37

0.80

0.21

0.43

Daily opt.

0.41

0.98

0.24

0.65

Annual opt.

0.41

1.0

0.24

0.94

It is seen from the table that the summer and annual solar fractions for the smaller ALR system are rather close to optimum already in the base case, since the overproduction is not very substantial. For ALR 8 the difference between the orientation cases and the optimum limits is much greater. The re-orientation cases (1a and 1b) yield somewhat increased solar fractions, although the effect is relatively small. The DSM options (cases 2a and 2b) yield higher solar fractions throughout, although in case 2a for the summer the figures are comparable and somewhat higher for the re­orientation case. Although storage (case 3) is the most flexible of the options, the loss of energy that depends on the efficiency of the storage medium makes it in some cases slightly worse than both DSM and panel orientation options.