Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
Lighting of roads, non-illuminated traffic and road signs at crossroads, along certain sections of highways is another, very important segment of the market of solar cells application in Yugoslavia.
For lighting of roads and road signs at crossroads, special systems of solar cells of an average power of 150 W will be used. For lighting of individual traffic signs, mini-systems of 20 W will be used. Exeptionally, on particularly dangereous spots (black points, sharp curves, rockslides, gusts of wind, large ascents, slippery road, etc.) even more powerful solar lights of 200 W and more may be installed for lighting of traffic signs of warning.
Figure 1.: Solar Parkomat in Belgrade |
Among them, one of the more perspective ways for solar cells application is a parking service. In that sense, some steps are made recently. As a part of introducing the new carparking system in the centre of the city (November 2003), Parking-service Utility of Belgrade installed 30 parkomats with solar cells (70 Wp each). [3] Fig.1.
The analysis has been based on an estimate that, during the first observed year (2006), about 160 kW photovoltaic power will be installed for this purpose. In next four years, number of installed solar systems for lighting of crossroads and traffic signs would grow at an annual rate of about 78, 24,19 and 11% respectively. (Table 2.)
Table 2: Anticipated dynamics of solar lighting of roads, traffic signs and crossroads
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Balance of growth rate relative to planned dynamics of irrigation solar pumps is explained by the fact that is the matter of a market segment of the public sector, which is low-dependent on supply-and-demand variations.
1. Supply of remote villages and weekend houses with energy
More than 50,000 households in Serbia and Montenegro are not connected to power grid. Calculating with an average power of solar system for household electrification of 600 W, potential of this market segment exceeds 30 MW! In this sense, our country is similar to Spain, and Spanish experience ought to be wery usefull. [4]
Similarly, about 55,000 weekend houses in our country are not connected to power grid. As electric-power requirements in the weekend houses are two times lower, we shall calculate with an average electric power of solar systems of 300 W for the one weekend house. Especially if their owners use some type of hybrid collectors, with simultaneous generation of electric power and low temperature heat energy. [5], [6]. Total potential of solar electrification of weekend houses is about 15 MW!
According to our forecast, during the first observed year, somewhat below 0.3% of total number of observed weekend and family houses will be electrified by solar systems, reaching power of about 140 kW. With optimal combination of PV area and storage capacity [7], for next four years, planned dynamics of growth of solar electrification of weekend and family houses is about 64, 28, 15 and 12% respectively (Table 3.).
Table 3: Anticipated dynamics of solar electrification of weekend and family houses
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Medium high and moderately lowering annual growth rates are the result of low starting basis, as well as of market stimulus. These are mainly the owners of private weekend houses that belong to the more-wealthy social layer and, willing to emulate, they want to afford themselves the luxury of energetic independence.