The increasing temperatures and presence of steam will cause the intact cladding to oxidize on the outer diameter (OD) and the burst cladding to oxidize on both the OD and ID (two-sided oxidation) (Strasser et al., 2010b). The oxidation process at the high LOCA temperatures will increase the oxygen and hydrogen content in the cladding, reducing its ductility and resistance to rupture. Two sided oxidation can have significant effects on the post-quench ductility (PQD) of the cladding as a result of high but localized hydrogen pickup in addition to the oxidation (Strasser et al., 2010b). The cladding continues to oxidize until the ECCS becomes effec­tive and a peak-cladding temperature (PCT) is reached. The maximum PCT is regulated to be a maximum of 2200°F by the USNRC and 1200°C internationally. The length of time the system may remain at the PCT is determined by the reactor system and regulated by the equivalent clad­ding reacted (ECR) limit, defined as the total thickness of cladding that would be converted to stoichiometric ZrO2 from all of the oxygen con­tained in the fuel cladding as ZrO2 and oxygen in solid solution in the remaining metal phase.