. Charging of Ice Store

Measurements have shown a maximum storage capacity of approximately 30 kWh for operation with external melting. Otherwise, a maximum storage capacity of 45 kWh is possible. In this case no liquid phase is left in the ice store. At a charging temperature of -10°C, the ice storage can be loaded with System A at a rate of 4 kW, on average (Figure 4). System B provides an average charging rate of 2.5 kW. Fluctuations at the beginning of the charging are caused by adjustment of the thermostat. Figure 5 compares the charging times of both systems at -12 and -10°C.

900

840

780

720

660

600

540

480

420

360

-12 -10 Charging Temperature / [°C]

Figure 5: Charging System A at different flow temperatures

Figure 5 compares the charging times of System A and B at two different charging temperatures.

As expected from the different charging rate System A charges the ice store faster than System B. Charging the ice store at -10°C with System A takes 421 minutes and with System B 657 minutes. Table 1 offers an overview about all results for charging.

Table 1: Experimental results for charging

System A

System B

Area of Heat Exchanger

[m2]

5,5

3,9

Charging

Temperature

[°C]

— 12

— 10

— 8

— 6

— 4

— 2

— 12

— 10

Maximum Capacity

[kWh]

30,5

29,6

29,5

30,22

30,5

23,9

30,3

30,06

Charging Period

[min]

366

421

507

675

960

1200

565

657

Average Charging Rate

[kW]

5,01

4,22

3,50

2,68

1,91

1,20

3,23

2,75

LMTD

[W/K]

565

562

563

570

573

611

310

309

Average Mass Flow

[kg/s]

0,295

0,267

Increase of Volume

[l]

19,99

19,45

19,69

19,96

19,57

12,08

19,94

19,88

Mass of Ice

[kg]

226,9

220,1

223,2

226,1

221,8

139,9

226,1

225,3

Average Starting Temperature in Store

[°C]

17,92

17,15

17,66

17,57

17,64

17,79

17,83

17,8