Reflux Condensation (RCNC)

At ‘low’ mass inventories of primary coolant and/or at low core power, steam velocities in the upper part of the system including hot legs and steam generator entrance are low. Weak interactions occur at the steam-liquid interface that are not enough to cause CCFL. In these conditions, the liquid that is condensed or entrained in the ascending side of the U-Tubes may flow back to the hot leg and to the core. Stratified countercurrent steam and liquid flow simultaneously in the hot legs. Mass flowrate at core inlet is close to zero, although a ‘minor’ natural circulation path may establish between core and downcomer inside the vessel. However, upward two-phase mixture and downward liquid flows occur at the core outlet. Core thermal power can be removed by boil-off in the saturated nucleate boiling heat transfer regime.