Как выбрать гостиницу для кошек
14 декабря, 2021
The basic elements for safety in operation of a NPP are the ability to control the reactor power, ensuring adequate core cooling at all times and containment of radioactivity. Towards this aim the NPPs are designed using proven engineering practices and following the principles of defence in depth and adequate redundancy and diversity in safety-related components. However, in spite of the best design, situations can arise during NPP operation that were not envisaged in the design. Experience has shown that timely actions by competent operators may be able to ensure safety even during such unforeseen circumstances. A high level of technical competence in well — trained operators is therefore an absolute necessity. This can be achieved to a large extent by learning from operational safety reviews and operating experience feedback. It should be borne in mind that the primary responsibility for safety rests with the operator.
A formal mechanism for review of operational reports and operational incidents on a regular basis should be established by the operating organization. In addition the regulatory body should lay down criteria for reporting of safety-related operational occurrences. These reports should be reviewed to identify the causes, including the root causes, of the incidents and necessary corrective actions should then be implemented. While some of the actions can be implemented immediately, there will be other actions for which detailed analysis, experimental work or development of designs and procurement of materials or components may be required. For implementing such actions, a time schedule should be agreed upon between the operating organization and the regulatory body.
In addition to the operational safety reviews mentioned above, comprehensive and detailed periodic safety reviews should be conducted at intervals of about 10 years. For such reviews, a detailed report by the operating organization Is prepared and reviewed internally before its review by the regulatory body. The purpose of periodic safety reviews is to confirm that the NPP meets the current safety requirements and is also expected to continue to meet them till the next such review. The periodic safety reviews should also take into account the feedback from international operating experience, new knowledge available from research and the updated probabilistic safety analysis of the plant.
Another useful method for improving operational safety is through peer review by teams of international experts. Similarly the work of the regulatory body can also be subjected to international peer review. Such peer reviews bring in the benefit of experience from across the globe and the information on good practices followed by the operators and the regulatory bodies of other countries.