Wood Gasification in a Pressurized, Air-Blown, Bubbling Fluid-Bed Gasifier

The first commercial, pressurized, air-blown, fluid-bed process for wood feed­stocks was developed by Omnifuel Gasification Systems Ltd. and was installed in a plywood mill in Ontario, Canada in 1981 (Bircher, 1982). The unit was an 84-GJ/h gasifier that was supplied with 5.9 t/h of wood chips and wood dust. It operated at about 760°C and 35.5 kPa gauge. The low-energy product gas was used on-site as boiler fuel. Air was introduced at the bottom of the bubbling bed of sand particles and maintained the bed in constant motion as it passed up through the bed. Some of the air caused combustion of feed to maintain the temperature in the desired range, and some reacted with char to yield additional gas. A typical wet gas analysis was 12.3 mol % carbon monox­ide, 4.6 mol % methane, 1.6 mol % C2+ hydrocarbons, 7.8 mol % hydrogen, and 73.7 mol % nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water. Carbon conversion effi­ciencies of the order of 99% were obtained, and tar production was very low, of the order of 0.1 to 0.2%. Ash entrained in the product gas was removed by cy­clones. Some difficulty was encountered with gas combustion equipment be­cause of the large variation in gas quality and the plant has been shutdown (cf. Klass, 1985). This was attributed to the large range of wood feedstock moisture which varied between 5 and 50 wt %. The heating values of the product gas ranged from 3.1 to 7.9 MJ/m3 (n). Operation with oxygen at 1420 kPa was projected to produce a gas with a heating value of 11.8 to 15.7 MJ/m3 (n).