Lipids are esters of the triol, glycerol, and long chain fatty acids. The fatty acids are any of a variety of monobasic fatty acids such as palmitic and oleic acids. The esters are formed in a large variety of oilseed crops, green plants, and some microalgae. Examples are soybean, cottonseeed, and corn oils. One pathway to the lipids produces glycerol and the other produces fatty acids, which can then combine to afford the triglycerides. In the chloroplasts, the Calvin-Benson cycle produces phosphoglyceric acid, which undergoes successive noncyclic photophosphorylation and isomerization to yield 3- phosphoglyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three molecules of the aldehyde and one molecule of the phosphate are translocated out of the chloroplasts and combine to form fructose-1,6-diphosphate, which then suc­cessively undergoes a series of hydrolysis, isomerization, and condensation reactions to yield the disaccharide sucrose from glucose and fructose intermedi­ates. This pathway to glycerol involves reduction of dihydroxyacetone phos­phate to glycerol-1-phosphate. The fatty acids are derived from pyruvic acid formed on glycolyis of glucose. The pathway involves decarboxylation of pyru­vic acid, the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, which is involved in the synthesis (and breakdown) of fatty acids, and the buildup of fatty acid chains by insertion of two-carbon units into the growing chain.