08.08.2015   Biofuels and Bioenergy

Gasification Technologies

Over the last several decades most investigations on mixed feedstock were carried out for gasification technologies. This is because gasification technol­ogy in its different formats (i. e., combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, plasma technology, supercritical gasification, etc.) is very versatile and capable of generating heat and electricity as well as fuels, chemicals, and materials.

7.1.1 Literature Studies

Numerous outstanding reviews [43-63] have addressed the laboratory studies carried out on combustion, gasification, high-severity pyrolysis, plasma technology, and supercritical gasification for mixed feedstock. Sami, Annamalai, and Wooldridge [7] and Maciejewska et al. [1] have outlined a detailed review of combustion of mixed feedstock carried out at laboratory and demonstration scales. Similarly, Ricketts et al. [5] and Davidson [63] have presented outstanding reviews of the gasification, plasma technology, and pyrolysis of mixed feedstock. Some of recent gasification studies for mixed feedstock are summarized in Table 7.8. A summary of the technology devel­opers in western Europe and the United States for gasification, pyrolysis, and plasma is given by Ricketts et al. [5].

The literature studies for mixed feedstock indicate that there seems to be very little or no synergistic effects on gasification kinetics between biomass and coal. The situation is different when polymeric waste is added into the mix. The compositions of the gases produced from this mixture are not sim­ple additions of individual behaviors. More systematic work is needed to understand the nature of the synergy that may exist in polymeric and other

TABLE 7.8

Подпись: Mixture Coal and methane Coal, biomass and iron ore Coal and biomass Coal and biomass Coal and biomass Coal, biomass and plastic coal and biomass Vacuum residue, plastics, coal, and petrocrop Waste plastics, HDPE and coal Coal and cattle manure Coal and biomass Coal and biomass Residual biomass and poor coal Coal and biomass Coal and switchgrass Biomass and waste filter Coal, activated carbon, coke and biomass Coal and biomass Coal and biomass Coal and woody biomass Coal and biomass Coal and biomass Coal and straw Coal and industrial oil waste Coal and biomass Coal and organic waste Coal and biomass Coal, biomass and plastics Coal and biomass chars Biomass and fossil fuel Подпись: Authors Wu et al. 2011 [64] Kaupilla 2007 [65] Kim and Mitchell 2011 [66] Kajitani et al. 2010 [67] Seo et al. 2010 [68] Aznar et al. 2006 [69] Williams et al. 2006 [70] Ahmaruzzaman and Sharma 2005 [71] Liu and Meuzelaar 1996 [72] Sweeten et al. 2003 [73] Chmielniak and Sciazko 2003 [74] Demirbas 2003 [75] Pan et al. 2000 [76] Sjostrom et al. 1999 [77] Brown et al. 2000 [78] Sun et al. 2011 [79] Gregg et al. 1980 [80] Prins et al. 2007 [81] McLendon et al. 2004 [82] Kumabe et al. 2007 [83] Andries et al. 1998 [84] Sjostrom et al. 1992-1994 [85] Olsen et al. 1995 [86] Andre et al. 2005 [87] Uson et al. 2004 [88] Dayan et al. 2003 [89] Hirs 2000 [90] Pinto et al. 2003 [91] Backreedy et al. 2002 [92] De Jong et al. 2003 [93] Подпись: Comments Syngas production Syngas and steel production Supercritical water gasification High temperature gasification CFB reactor Catalysis of dolomite Environmental effects Kinetic studies Catalytic kinetic studies Co-firing to measure fuel quality Methanol synthesis Sustainable co-firing Fluidized bed gasification Promoted char reactivity Catalytic effect on gasification Steam gasification Solar gasification Thermodynamic efficiency High pressure gasification Air and steam gasification Pressurized fluidized bed Synergistic effects in gasification Pressurized gasification Fluidized bed gasification IGCC power plant operation Simulation of two-chamber catalytic gasifier Basic gasification study Parametric study of gasification Modeling study of gasification Pressurized fluidized bed gasifier

Typical Studies of Gasification of Mixed Feedstock

(Continued)

TABLE 7.8 (CONTINUED)

Typical Studies of Gasification of Mixed Feedstock

Mixture

Authors

Comments

Biomass and plastics

Pinto et al. 2002 [94]

Parametric study of gasification

Biomass, charcoal and coal

Arcate 1998 [95]

Co-firing assessment

Coal and biomass

Collot et al. 1998 [96]

Pressurized fixed bed gasification

Coal and biomass

De Jong et al. 1998 [97]

Pressurized fluidized bed gasifier

Coal and biomass

Uson and Valero 2006 [98]

IGCC power plants study

Coal and biomass

Yan et al. 2005 [99]

Supercritical water gasification

Coal and biomass

Brage et al. 1995 [100]

Characteristics of tar

kinds of feedstock. The basic issues, as described in this section, for mixed feedstock gasification are the effects of mixture on the nature of the gases and solids produced as well as on the reactor and the downstream opera­tions. These issues are extensively addressed in the literature, and they are detailed in the remaining part of this section.