Combined bio — and thermo-chemical routes

Currently, secondary (process) residues of biochemical conversion processes, for example lignin, are used in thermo-chemical conversion processes (combustion)

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image157Targeted at hemicellulose

Подпись:Targeted at cellulose

21.6 Aquathermolysis-pyrolysis biorefinery concept.

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to produce heat and/or power, partly used to energetically drive the biochemical conversion process. However, specifically for lignin a variety of downstream valorisation processes are being developed to produce more financial value out of this secondary residue stream, for example supercritical lignin conversion, enzymatic lignin conversion and catalytically supported fast pyrolysis (see Fig. 21.7).