1.1. Analysis of energy indices in varieties rice production under traditional and semi-mechanized system condition

In "Figure 4" (traditional system) and "Figure 5" (semi-mechanized system), seven groups of reserves of production of studied figures according to percentage of total energy of reserve is observed. Results showed that highest energy consumption in all varieties was related to chemical fertilizer. The amount of further use of fertilizer and also raising of equivalent amounts of energy in this reserve showed this subject. The energy of water reserve, fuel, poison, machines, seed and human labor are in next grades.

Rice plants require fertilizer during vegetative stage to promote growth and tillering, which in turn, determines potential number of panicles. Fertilizer contributes to spikelet production during early panicle formation stage, and contributes to sink size during the late panicle formation stage. Fertilizer also plays a role in grain filling, improving the photosynthetic capacity, and promoting carbohydrate accumulation in culms and leaf sheaths [1].

Results of "Tables 5 and 6" showed that breed varieties (Khazar, Hybrid and Gohar) because of suitable genetic specifications have higher operation in compared with local varieties (Hashemi and Alikazemi), highest paddy yield (9500 kg/ha), straw yield (12969 kg/ha), husk yield (2375 kg/ha) and biomass yield (24844 kg/ha) of semi-mechanized system and paddy yield (8360 Kg/ha), straw yield (11413 kg/ha), husk yield (2090 kg/ha) and biomass yield (21863 kg/ha) of traditional system observed in Gohar rice.

Breed varieties because of accepting higher fertilizer have further input energy than local varieties under two farming systems condition "Tables 5 and 6". Traditional system because of consumption higher fertilizer and seed has further input energy than semi-mechanized system "Tables 3 and 4".

Semi-mechanized system because of producing higher paddy yield, straw yield, husk yield and biomass yield than traditional system of has higher output energy "Tables 5 and 6". Breed varieties (Khazar, Hybrid and Gohar) because of suitable genetic specifications have

higher output energy in compared with local varieties (Hashemi and Alikazemi). Highest output energy with averages 139650, 162113, 32775 and 339535 MJ/ha of semi-mechanized system and with averages 122892, 142663, 28842 and 298794 MJ/ha of traditional system observed in Gohar rice "Tables 5 and 6".

Energy ratio in two farming systems and five varieties showed that positive output of energy production and being further of energy output of semi-mechanized system than traditional system and breed varieties than local varieties (tables 5 and 6).

Results of energy intensity under two farming systems condition "Tables 5 and 6" showed that local varieties require of further input from production of paddy yield, straw yield, husk yield and biomass yield than breed varieties.

Results of energy productivity under two farming systems condition "Tables 5 and 6" were showed that in breed varieties lieu of imported energy consumption have higher energy productions than local varieties.

Net energy gain in two farming systems and five varieties showed that highest net energy gain of semi-mechanized system than traditional system and breed varieties than local varieties. Highest net energy gain with averages 97865, 120328, -9010 and 297750 MJ/ha of semi-mechanized system and with averages 82369, 102140, -11681 and 258271 MJ/ha of traditional system observed in Gohar rice "Tables 5 and 6"

Direct, indirect energy, renewable, non-renewable, % direct, % indirect energy, % renewable and % non-renewable in two farming systems and five varieties were showed "Tables 7". In two farming systems and five varieties were showed that direct energy and % direct energy as compared with indirect energy and % indirect energy; renewable energy and % renewable energy as compared with nonrenewable energy and % nonrenewable energy have lower amount "Tables 7". The amount of higher consumption of machinery and diesel fuel in semi-mechanized system lead to increasing indirect energy in this system in compared with traditional system. The amount of higher consumption of chemical fertilizer in breed varieties lead to increasing indirect energy in these varieties in compared with local varieties. Results showed that, lower amount of consumption of seed and human labor in semi-mechanized system in compared with traditional system leads to being lower of renewable energy in semi-mechanized system than traditional system "Tables 7". Lower amount of consumption of seed in breed varieties in compared with local varieties leads to being lower of renewable energy in breed varieties than local varieties. The amount of higher consumption of chemical fertilizer in breed varieties in compared with local varieties leads to increasing nonrenewable energy in these breed varieties than local varieties. The share of direct and indirect energy from total reserve of energy and share of renewable and nonrenewable energies from total reserve of energy "Tables 7" in studied farming systems and varieties were that the percentage of direct energy is lowest than percentage of indirect energy and percentage of renewable energy in producing rice is lowest than nonrenewable energies that this required to consider saving in energy consumption.

Moradi and Azarpour [23] with study of energy indices for native and breed rice varieties production in Iran were recorded the highest grain yield, input energy, output energy, energy ratio, energy productivity and Net energy gain obtained from breed varieties as compared with local varieties. Eskandari Cherati et al. [11] with study energy survey of mechanized and traditional rice production system in Mazandaran province of Iran showed that the total energy used for semi-mechanized and traditional rice production system was 67217.95 and 67356.28 MJ/ha, respectively. Based on the results, irrigation and fertilizer in both systems with 50232 and 7610.32 MJ/ha was the most input energy. Total energy output of the traditional method was 127.5 GJ/ha and that of the semi-mechanized was 132.26 GJ/ha. Parallel to the mechanization level of operations that increased, consumption of fuel and machinery energy increased similarly, but the human labor and seed energy consumption dropped. The renewable energy in the traditional and semi-mechanized systems was 3168.3 (4.70% total energy) and 2312.1 MJ/ha (3.44%), respectively. Energy ratio and energy productivity in traditional and semi-mechanized systems was 3 and 3.08, and 0.111 and 0.116 kg/MJ 116.0, respectively. Nonetheless, net energy gain and specific energy showed that energy efficiency of semi-mechanized systems was more than the traditional system. Khan et al. [16] with energy requirement and economic analysis of rice production in western part of Pakistan Energy requirement and economic analysis of rice production in western part of Pakistan revealed that energy consumption and rice yield were 5,756 kWh and 3.23 tons per hectare on Bullock Operated Farms (BOF) and 11,162 kWh and 4.12 tons per hectare on Tractor Operated Farms (TOF). Consumption of animate energy on BOF was more than TOF due to heavy use of animate energy in land preparation operation. Result also showed that energy efficiency i. e. output-input ratio on BOF (6.32) was higher than TOF (4.16). Cost of production remained lower on BOF than TOF, however, the yield and consequently crop values and net return were higher on TOF than BOF.

Khan et al. [17] with study energy requirements and economic analysis of wheat, rice and barley production in Australia revealed that chemical fertilizer consumed 47, 43 and 29 % of the total energy inputs on wheat, rice and barley growing farms, respectively. Wheat consumed 3028, rice 6699 and barley consumed 2175 kWhha-1. Similarly, wheat utilized 2852, rice 17754 and barley 856 m3ha-1. Average energy output of wheat was 27874, rice 44885, and barley obtained 17865 kWhha-1. Wheat was most energy efficient crop compared to rice and barley, whereas barley achieved the highest water productivity.