Bio-oil and syn-gas are fuels chemically converted from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Aggressively pursued and developed as viable bioenergy, bio-oil and syn-gas productions rely on thermal-chemical conversion (or pyrolysis) of biomass or other lignocellulosic feedstocks to combustible oily substances (comprising numerous oxygenated hydrocarbons) or H2—CO gas mix, respec­tively. Depending on process conditions, up to hundreds of compounds may be present in bio-oils, with numerous chemicals of interest (other than combusti­bility) among them (Abou-Zaid and Scott, 2012; Vender — bosch and Prins, 2010; Briens et al., 2008; Demirbas, 2009). These may include polyphenols, proanthocyani — dins, tannins, flavonoids or organic acids. Some of the (phenolic) compounds may possess biocidal activity, making them useful as pesticide, bactericide, antitermite

agent, or wood preservatives (Di Blasi et al., 2010). For instance, bio-oil made from tobacco can have antimic­robes or insect activity (Hossain et al., 2013). Bio-oil made from lignin may provide substances that replace formaldehyde-phenol resins in particle board (Vender — bosch and Prins, 2010).

Algae have attracted intensive research and develop­ment efforts for bioenergy production, because algal processes might directly be driven by photosynthesis (thus fixing CO2) or yield hydrocarbons (for drop-in refining or use as fuel). The main by-product from algal bioenergy production is the post-hydrocarbon-harvest algal mass, which might be used as feed or fertilizer. Some algae species can produce phenolics, terpenoids, carotenoids, alkaloids or sterols at significant levels (Huang and Ramaswamy, 2012; Brennan et al., 2012). Phytochemical productions from algae (as mentioned in Section (Production from Algae via Aquaculture)) might be combined with hydrocarbon production, to further valorize algal bioenergy processes.